# Civil Law - Persons and Family Relations Law
## Persons and Family Relations Law

## EFFECT AND APPLICATION OF LAWS (CIVIL CODE)

## Laws shall take effect after fifteen days following the completion of their publication either in the Official Gazette or in a newspaper of general circulation in the Philippines, unless it is otherwise provided.

*	[ASSOCIATION OF SOUTHERN TAGALOG ELECTRIC COOPERATIVES v. ENERGY REGULATORY COMMISSION, GR No. 192117, 2012-09-18](/juris/view/cd78c)
*	[DEPARTMENT OF FINANCE v. MARINO M. DELA CRUZ, GR No. 209331, 2015-08-24](/juris/view/cef17)
*	[SECURITIES v. GMA NETWORK, GR No. 164026, 2008-12-23](/juris/view/cbd13)
*	[REPUBLIC v. EXPRESS TELECOMMUNICATION CO., GR No. 147096, 2002-01-15](/juris/view/cc27c)
*	[EFREN L. ALVAREZ v. PEOPLE, GR No. 192591, 2011-06-29](/juris/view/cc87a)
*	[TAñADA v. TUVERA, GR No. 63915, 1986-12-29](/juris/view/c69f9)
*	[TAñADA v. TUVERA, GR No. L-63915, 1985-04-24](/juris/view/c6812)
*	[ BASA v. MERCADO, GR No. 42226, 1935-07-26](/juris/view/c1c91)

## Ignorance of the law excuses no one from compliance therewith.

*	[TAñADA v. TUVERA, GR No. L-63915, 1985-04-24](/juris/view/c6812)
*	[D.M. CONSUNJI v. CA, GR No. 137873, 2001-04-20](/juris/view/ccb9c)
*	[JOSE ZULUETA v. FRANCISCA ZULUETA, GR No. 428, 1902-04-30](/juris/view/c34)
*	[MORA ADONG v. CHEONG SENG GEE, GR No. 18081, 1922-03-03](/juris/view/c12c2)
*	[WONG WOO YIU v. MARTINIANO P. VIVO, GR No. L-21076, 1965-03-31](/juris/view/ce524)

## Laws shall have no retroactive effect, unless the contrary is provided.

* [SPOUSES BENZONAN v. CA, GR No. 97973, 1992-01-27](/juris/view/c74d2)
* [IN RE: PETITION FOR ASSISTANCE IN LIQUIDATION OF INTERCITY SAVINGS v. STOCKHOLDERS OF INTERCITY SAVINGS, GR No. 181556, 2009-12-14](/juris/view/cc790)
* [NOEL L. ONG v. NICOLASA O. IMPERIAL, GR No. 197127, 2015-07-15](/juris/view/cef1f)
* [PRIMITIVO ESPIRITU v. RICARDO CIPRIANO, GR NO. L-32743, 1974-02-15](/juris/view/c516a)
* [CONCHITA CARPIO MORALES v. CA, GR Nos. 217126-27, 2015-11-10](/juris/view/cefc1)
* [GERARDO R. VILLASEÑOR v. OMBUDSMAN, GR No. 202303, 2014-06-04](/juris/view/cdeb1)
* [REPUBLIC v. REMMAN ENTERPRISES, GR No. 199310, 2014-02-19](/juris/view/cdce0)
* [COMELEC v. CONRADO CRUZ, GR No. 186616, 2009-11-20](/juris/view/cc5ed)
* [BUKLOD NANG MAGBUBUKID SA LUPAING RAMOS v. E. M. RAMOS, GR No. 131481, 2011-03-16](/juris/view/c90a0)
* [PERT v. ARMANDO A. VINUY A. LOUIE M. ORDOVEZ, GR No. 197528, 2012-09-05](/juris/view/cd773)
* [EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN MARITIME LTD. v. ESTANISLAO SURIO, GR No. 154213, 2012-08-23](/juris/view/cd714)
* [SPS. ERNESTO F. CURATA AND LOURDES M. CURATA v. PHILIPPINE PORTS AUTHORITY, GR Nos. 154211-12, 2009-06-22](/juris/view/cc0cf)

## Acts executed against the provisions of mandatory or prohibitory laws shall be void, except when the law itself authorizes their validity.

* [IMELDA ROMUALDEZ-MARCOS v. COMELEC, GR No. 119976, 1995-09-18](/juris/view/c81c2)
* [FLORANTE VITUG v. EVANGELINE A. ABUDA, GR No. 201264, 2016-01-11](/juris/view/cf03e)
* [MANUEL L. LEE v. ATTY. REGINO B. TAMBAGO, AC. No. 5281, 2008-02-12](/juris/view/caed6)
* [BELLA A. GUERRERO v. RESURRECCION A. BIHIS, GR NO. 174144, 2007-04-17](/juris/view/cad79)
* [MARCELINO BUYCO v. PHILIPPINE NATIONAL BANK, GR No. L-14406, 1961-06-30](/juris/view/c443b)
* [CIR v. TEAM SUAL CORPORATION, GR No. 194105, 2014-02-05](/juris/view/cdcb0)

## Rights may be waived, unless the waiver is contrary to law, public order, public policy, morals, or good customs, or prejudicial to a third person with a right recognized by law.

* [PEOPLE v. PROCORO DONATO, GR No. 79269, 1991-06-05](/juris/view/c9bfa)
* [SPOUSES ROBERTO AND NATIVIDAD VALDERAMA v. SALVACION MACALDE, GR NO. 165005, 2005-09-16](/juris/view/caba3)
* [EDNA MABUGAY-OTAMIAS v. REPUBLIC, , GR No. 189516, 2016-06-08](/juris/view/cf232)
* [ATTY. EMMANUEL D. AGUSTIN v. ALEJANDRO CRUZ-HERRERA, GR No. 174564, 2014-02-12](/juris/view/cdcd4)
* [EDGAR CRISOSTOMO v. SANDIGANBAYAN, GR NO. 152398, 2005-04-14](/juris/view/ca717)
* [DELA ROSA LINER v. CALIXTO B. BORELA, GR No. 207286, 2015-07-29](/juris/view/ced6e)
* [LAND v. MARIANITO C. ESQUILLO, GR NO. 152012, 2005-09-30](/juris/view/ca56c)
* [BETTY B. LACBAYAN v. BAYANI S. SAMOY, GR No. 165427, 2011-03-21](/juris/view/c9170)
* [PREMIERE DEVELOPMENT BANK v. CENTRAL SURETY, GR No. 176246, 2009-02-13](/juris/view/cbed7)
* [FELIPE O. MAGBANUA v. RIZALINO UY, GR NO. 161003, 2005-05-06](/juris/view/ca762)
* [VALENZUELA HARDWOOD v. CA, GR No. 102316, 1997-06-30](/juris/view/c8811)
* [LOURDES MARCOS v. NLRC, GR No. 111744, 1995-09-08](/juris/view/c81bb)

## Laws are repealed only by subsequent ones, and their violation or non-observance shall not be excused by disuse, or custom or practice to the contrary. When the courts declare a law to be inconsistent with the Constitution, the former shall be void and the latter shall govern. Administrative or executive acts, orders and regulations shall be valid only when they are not contrary to the laws or the Constitution.

* [GERARDO ANGAT v. REPUBLIC, GR No. 132244, 1999-09-14](/juris/view/c955d)
* [ALEX L. DAVID v. COMELEC, GR No. 127116, 1997-04-08](/juris/view/c87c4)
* [NESTOR B. MAGNO v. COMELEC, GR No. 147904, 2002-10-04](/juris/view/cc986)
* [GOVERNOR PABLO P. GARCIA v. JOSE P. BURGOS, GR No. 124130, 1998-06-29](/juris/view/c8c3c)
* [HACIENDA LUISITA v. PRESIDENTIAL AGRARIAN REFORM COUNCIL, GR No. 171101, 2011-07-05](/juris/view/c6581)
* [CIR v. SAN ROQUE POWER CORPORATION, GR No. 187485, 2013-10-08](/juris/view/cdbc1)
* [MARIA CAROLINA P. ARAULLO v. BENIGNO SIMEON C. AQUINO III, GR No. 209287, 2014-07-01](/juris/view/cded4)
* [PHILIPPINE COCONUT v. REPUBLIC, GR Nos. 177857-58, 2012-01-24](/juris/view/c5d59)
* [LEAGUE OF CITIES OF PHILIPPINES v. COMELEC, GR No. 176951, 2010-08-24](/juris/view/cd3fa)
* [SIMPLICIO A. PALANCA v. CA, GR No. 106685, 1994-12-02](/juris/view/c7f15)

## Judicial decisions applying or interpreting the laws or the Constitution shall form part of the legal system of the Philippines.

* [CONCHITA CARPIO MORALES v. CA, GR Nos. 217126-27, 2015-11-10](/juris/view/cefc1)
* [ARTURO M. DE CASTRO v. JBC, GR No. 191002, 2010-04-20](/juris/view/cd2a7)
* [NELSIE B. CAÑETE v. GENUINO ICE COMPANY, GR  No.  154080, 2008-01-22](/juris/view/caf33)
* [VISAYAS GEOTHERMAL POWER COMPANY v. CIR, GR No. 197525, 2014-06-04](/juris/view/cde9c)
* [MA. REGINA S. PERALTA v. JUDGE GEORGE E. OMELIO, AM No. RTJ-11-2259, 2013-10-22](/juris/view/cdbf8)
* [PURISIMO M. CABAOBAS v. PEPSI-COLA PRODUCTS, GR No. 176908, 2015-03-25](/juris/view/ce8f1)
* [MARY GRACE NATIVIDAD S. POE-LLAMANZARES v. COMELEC, GR No. 221697, 2016-03-08](/juris/view/cf198)
* [CIR v. SAN ROQUE POWER CORPORATION, GR No. 187485, 2013-02-12](/juris/view/cd8f2)
* [BENJAMIN G. TING v. CARMEN M. VELEZ-TING, GR No. 166562, 2009-03-31](/juris/view/cbf7e)
* [FILINVEST DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION v. CIR, GR NO. 146941, 2007-08-09](/juris/view/cac8d)
* [ROSA YAP PARAS v. JUSTO J. PARAS, GR NO. 147824, 2007-08-02](/juris/view/cac6b)

## No judge or court shall decline to render judgment by reason of the silence, obscurity or insufficiency of the laws.

* [FLORESCA v. PHILEX MINING CORPORATION, GR No. L-30642, 1985-04-30](/juris/view/c808f)
* [ROMMEL JACINTO DANTES SILVERIO v. REPUBLIC, GR NO. 174689, 2007-10-19](/juris/view/cadf4)

## In case of doubt in the interpretation or application of laws, it is presumed that the lawmaking body intended right and justice to prevail. 

* [NIPPON EXPRESS CORPORATION v. CIR, GR No. 196907, 2013-03-13](/juris/view/cd9e0)
* [HACIENDA LUISITA v. PRESIDENTIAL AGRARIAN REFORM COUNCIL, GR No. 171101, 2011-11-22](/juris/view/c7f4c)
* [HEIRS OF MARIO GEVERO v. GUIHING AGRICULTURAL, GR NO. 122619, 2006-08-18](/juris/view/cad41)
* [KAREN E. SALVACION v. CENTRAL BANK OF PHILIPPINES, GR No. 94723, 1997-08-21](/juris/view/c8900)
* [ERNESTO PONCE v. NLRC, GR NO. 158244, 2005-08-09](/juris/view/ca40c)
* [IN MATTER OF ADOPTION OF STEPHANIE NATHY ASTORGA GARCIA HONORATO B. CATINDIG, GR NO. 148311, 2005-03-31](/juris/view/caafd)
* Read the concurring opinion of Justice  Makalintal: [REPUBLIC v. JAIME DE LOS ANGELES, GR No. L-26112, 1972-04-11](/juris/view/c58bb)

## A custom must be proved as a fact, according to the rules of evidence.

* [BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS v. JOSELITO DELA ROSA, GR Nos. 95122, 1991-05-31](/juris/view/c9cc3)
* [MONICO SAN DIEGO v. EUFROCINIO EVANGELISTA, GR NO. 163680, 2006-01-24](/juris/view/c9f68)
* [ESPIRITU SANTO PAROCHIAL SCHOOL v. NLRC, GR No. 82325, 1989-09-26](/juris/view/c7155)
* [YAO KEE v. AIDA SY-GONZALES, GR No. 55960, 1988-11-24](/juris/view/c7388)

## When the laws speak of years, months, days or nights, it shall be understood that years are of three hundred sixty-five days each; months, of thirty days; days, of twenty-four hours; and nights from sunset to sunrise.If months are designated by their name, they shall be computed by the number of days which they respectively have. In computing a period, the first day shall be excluded, and the last day included. 

* [CIR v. PRIMETOWN PROPERTY GROUP, GR NO. 162155, 2007-08-28](/juris/view/cacdb)
* [LYNETTE G. GARVIDA v. FLORENCIO G. SALES, GR No. 124893, 1997-04-18](/juris/view/c87bb)
* [CIR v. AICHI FORGING COMPANY OF ASIA, GR No. 184823, 2010-10-06](/juris/view/cd4ce)
* [REPUBLIC v. JESUS M. MUPAS, GR No. 181892, 2016-04-19](/juris/view/cf1b0)
* [ROBETO RANTAEL v. CA, GR No. L-47519, 1980-04-30](/juris/view/c5dd4)
* [NATIONAL MARKETING CORPORATION v. MIGUEL D. TECSON, GR No. L-29131, 1969-08-27](/juris/view/c4a4d)
* [WATERFRONT CEBU CITY CASINO HOTEL v. ILDEBRANDO LEDESMA, GR No. 197556, 2015-03-25](/juris/view/cea46)
* [NATIONAL INVESTMENT v. SPS. FRANCISCO AND BASILISA BAUTISTA, GR No. 150388, 2009-03-13](/juris/view/cbf56)
* [SPS. MAXIMO LANDRITO v. CA, GR NO. 133079, 2005-08-09](/juris/view/ca3b8)
* [MITSUBISHI MOTORS PHILIPPINES CORPORATION v. CHRYSLER PHILIPPINES LABOR UNION, GR No. 148738, 2004-06-29](/juris/view/cba09)

## Laws relating to family rights and duties, or to the status, condition and legal capacity of persons are binding upon citizens of the Philippines, even though living abroad.

* [NORMA A. DEL SOCORRO v. ERNST JOHAN BRINKMAN VAN WILSEM, GR No. 193707, 2014-12-10](/juris/view/ce59c)
* [SOLEDAD L. LAVADIA v. HEIRS OF JUAN LUCES LUNA, GR No. 171914, 2014-07-23](/juris/view/cdfee)
* [MINORU FUJIKI v. MARIA PAZ GALELA MARINAY, GR No. 196049, 2013-06-26](/juris/view/cda6c)
* [ELMAR O. PEREZ v. CA, GR NO. 162580, 2006-01-27](/juris/view/c9f57)
* [GRACE J. GARCIA v. REDERICK A. RECIO, GR No. 138322, 2001-10-02](/juris/view/cce2f)
* [ALICE REYES VAN DORN v. MANUEL V. ROMILLO, GR No. 68470, 1985-10-08](/juris/view/c6987)

## Real property as well as personal property is subject to the law of the country where it is situated. However, intestate and testamentary successions, both with respect to the order of succession and to the amount of successional rights and to the intrinsic validity of testamentary provisions, shall be regulated by the national law of the person whose succession is under consideration, whatever may be the nature of the property and regardless of the country wherein said property may be found.

* [ALONZO Q. ANCHETA v. CANDELARIA GUERSEY-DALAYGON, GR NO. 139868, 2006-06-08](/juris/view/ca185)
* [PAULA T. LLORENTE v. CA, GR No. 124371, 2000-11-23](/juris/view/c953a)
* [TESTATE ESTATE OF AMOS G. BELLIS v. EDWARD A. BELLIS, GR No. L-23678, 1967-06-06](/juris/view/c468b)
* [IN MATTER OF TESTATE ESTATE OF EDWARD E. CHRISTENSEN v. HELEN CHRISTENSEN GARCIA, GR No. L-16749, 1963-01-31](/juris/view/c3afa)
* [TESTATE ESTATE OF JOSEPH G. BRIMO. JUAN MICIANO v. ANDRE BRIMO, GR No. 22595, 1924-11-01](/juris/view/ce301)

## The forms and solemnities of contracts, wills, and other public instruments shall be governed by the laws of the country in which they are executed. When the acts referred to are executed before the diplomatic or consular officials of the Republic of the Philippines in a foreign country, the solemnities established by Philippine laws shall be observed in their execution. 

* [REPUBLIC v. SANDIGANBAYAN, GR No. 108292, 1993-09-10](/juris/view/c7b69)
* [GERMANN v. DONALDSON, GR No. 439, 1901-11-11](/juris/view/c3b9)

## Prohibitive laws concerning persons, their acts or property, and those which have for their object public order, public policy and good customs shall not be rendered ineffective by laws or judgments promulgated, or by determinations or conventions agreed upon in a foreign country.

* [GERBERT R. CORPUZ v. DAISYLYN TIROL STO. TOMAS, GR No. 186571, 2010-08-11](/juris/view/cd40a)
* [NORMA A. DEL SOCORRO v. ERNST JOHAN BRINKMAN VAN WILSEM, GR No. 193707, 2014-12-10](/juris/view/ce59c)
* [BECMEN SERVICE EXPORTER v. SPS. SIMPLICIO AND MILA CUARESMA AND FOR AND IN BEHALF OF THEIR DAUGHTER, GR Nos. 182978-79, 2009-04-07](/juris/view/cbfa1)
* [MINORU FUJIKI v. MARIA PAZ GALELA MARINAY, GR No. 196049, 2013-06-26](/juris/view/cda6c)
* [EDGAR SAN LUIS v. FELICIDAD SAN LUIS, GR NO. 133743, 2007-02-06](/juris/view/c9fd0)
* [PHILIPPINE NATIONAL BANK v. FLORENCE O. CABANSAG, GR NO. 157010, 2005-06-21](/juris/view/ca99f)
* [PASTOR B. TENCHAVEZ v. VICENTA F. ESCAÑO, GR No. L-19671 (With Resolutions of July 26, 1965-11-29](/juris/view/ce58f)
* [BANK OF AMERICA v. AMERICAN REALTY CORPORATION, GR No. 133876, 1999-12-29](/juris/view/c90dd)

## In matters which are governed by the Code of Commerce and special laws, their deficiency shall be supplied by the provisions of this Code.

* [AGUSTIN P. DELA TORRE v. CA, GR No. 160088, 2011-07-13](/juris/view/ccdd6)
* [MANUEL G. ABELLO v. CIR, GR NO. 120721, 2005-02-23](/juris/view/ca917)
* [NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT COMPANY v. WORKMEN\'S COMPENSATION COMMISSION, GR No. L-19863, 1964-04-29](/juris/view/c4d81)
* [RAFAEL ENRIQUEZ v. SUN LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY OF CANADA, GR No. 15895, 1920-11-29](/juris/view/c17d3)
* [UNSWORTH TRANSPORT INTERNATIONAL v. CA, GR No. 166250, 2010-07-26](/juris/view/cd3c5)
* [DOLE PHILIPPINES v. MARITIME COMPANY OF PHILIPPINES, GR No. 61352, 1987-02-27](/juris/view/c6c3b)
* [BANK OF PHILIPPINE ISLANDS v. CASA MONTESSORI INTERNATIONALE, GR No. 149454 and GR No. 149507, 2004-05-28](/juris/view/cb61b)
* [DOMINGO ANG v. AMERICAN STEAMSHIP AGENCIES, GR No. L-22491, 1967-01-27](/juris/view/ce897)

## HUMAN RELATIONS (ARTS. 19-22, CIVIL CODE)

## Every person must, in the exercise of his rights and in the performance of his duties, act with justice, give everyone his due, and observe honesty and good faith. (*Principle of Abuse of Rights*)
**The abuse of a right is the greatest possible wrong**

* [ALBENSON ENTERPRISES CORP. v. CA, GR No. 88694, 1993-01-11](/juris/view/c7875)
* [ELIZABETH L. DIAZ v. GEORGINA R. ENCANTO, GR No. 171303, 2016-01-20](/juris/view/cf0be)
* [COCA-COLA BOTTLERS PHILIPPINES v. SPS. JOSE R. BERNARDO AND LILIBETH R. BERNARDO, GR No. 190667, 2016-11-07](/juris/view/cf487)
* [PHILIPPINE COMMERCIAL INTERNATIONAL BANK v. JOSEPHINE D. GOMEZ, GR No. 199601, 2015-11-23](/juris/view/ceff0)
* [ARCO PULP v. DAN T. LIM, GR No. 206806, 2014-06-25](/juris/view/cdf2e)
* [RAUL H. SESBREÑO v. CA, GR No. 160689, 2014-03-26](/juris/view/cdd79)
* [CALIFORNIA CLOTHING v. SHIRLEY G. QUIÑONES, GR No.175822, 2013-10-23](/juris/view/cdbe7)
* [UNICAPITAL v. RAFAEL JOSE CONSING, GR Nos. 175277 & 175285, 2013-09-11](/juris/view/cdb92)
* [MARIA VICTORIA G. BELO-HENARES v. ATTY. ROBERTO \'ARGEE\' C. GUEVARRA, AC. No. 11394, 2016-12-01](/juris/view/cf49f)
* [FIRST CLASS CADET ALDRIN JEFF P. CUDIA OF PHILIPPINE MILITARY ACADEMY v. SUPERINTENDENT OF PHILIPPINE MILITARY ACADEMY, GR No. 211362, 2015-02-24](/juris/view/ce7eb)
* [FLORENCIO A. SALADAGA v. ATTY. ARTURO B. ASTORGA, AC. No. 4697, 2014-11-25](/juris/view/ce561)
* [CZARINA T. MALVAR v. KRAFT FOOD PHILS., GR No. 183952, 2013-09-09](/juris/view/cdba5)
* [JOYCE V. ARDIENTE v. SPS. JAVIER AND MA. THERESA PASTORFIDE, GR No. 161921, 2013-07-17](/juris/view/cda93)
* [JOSUE ARLEGUI v. CA AND SPS. GIL AND BEATRIZ GENGUYON, GR No. 126437, 2002-03-06](/juris/view/cc532)

## Every person who, contrary to law, wilfully or negligently causes damage to another, shall indemnify the latter for the same.

* [CAGAYAN VALLEY ENTERPRISES v. CA, GR No. 78413, 1989-11-08](/juris/view/ceb39)
* [ALBENSON ENTERPRISES CORP. v. CA, GR No. 88694, 1993-01-11](/juris/view/c7875)
* [COCA-COLA BOTTLERS PHILIPPINES v. SPS. JOSE R. BERNARDO AND LILIBETH R. BERNARDO, GR No. 190667, 2016-11-07](/juris/view/cf487)
* [ARCO PULP v. DAN T. LIM, GR No. 206806, 2014-06-25](/juris/view/cdf2e)
* [HEIRS OF EDUARDO SIMON v. ELVIN* CHAN, GR No. 157547, 2011-02-23](/juris/view/c92f7)
* [CONRADO MAGBANUA v. VS.PILAR S. JUNSAY, GR NO. 132659, 2007-02-12](/juris/view/ca037)
* [PHILIPPINE BANK OF COMMUNICATIONS v. ELENITA B. TRAZO, GR NO. 165500, 2006-08-30](/juris/view/ca967)

## Any person who wilfully causes loss or injury to another in a manner that is contrary to morals, good customs or public policy shall compensate the latter for the damage.

 * [ARCO PULP v. DAN T. LIM, GR No. 206806, 2014-06-25](/juris/view/cdf2e)
* [NOEL BUENAVENTURA v. CA, GR NO. 127358, 2005-03-31](/juris/view/ca739)
* [SOLIDBANK CORPORATION v. SPS. TEODULFO AND CARMEN ARRIETA, GR NO. 152720, 2005-02-17](/juris/view/ca8e6)
* [FILIPINAS BROADCASTING NETWORK v. AGO MEDICAL, GR NO. 141994, 2005-01-17](/juris/view/ca7f3)
* [ALFREDO S. PAGUIO v. PHILIPPINE LONG DISTANCE TELEPHONE CO., GR No. 154072, 2002-12-03](/juris/view/cca78)
* [JOSE B. TIONGCO v. ATTY. MARCIANA Q. DEGUMA, GR No. 133619, 1999-10-26](/juris/view/c9490)

## Every person who through an act of performance by another, or any other means, acquires or comes into possession of something at the expense of the latter without just or legal ground, shall return the same to him.

* [PHILIPPINE STOCK EXCHANGE v. ANTONIO K. LITONJUA, GR No. 204014, 2016-12-05](/juris/view/cf463)
* [WILLEM BEUMER v. AVELINA AMORES, GR No. 195670, 2012-12-03](/juris/view/cd863)
* [JUANA VDA. DE ROJALES v. MARCELINO DIME, GR No. 194548, 2016-02-10](/juris/view/cf0b2)
* [GOVERNMENT SERVICE INSURANCE SYSTEM v. COA, GR No. 162372, 2012-09-11](/juris/view/cd76d)
* [TOMAS P. TAN v. JOSE G. HOSANA, GR No. 190846, 2016-02-03](/juris/view/cf0c4)
* [ANTIOQUIA DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION v. BENJAMIN P. RABACAL, GR No. 148843, 2012-09-05](/juris/view/cd75a)
* [ELISEO MALTOS v. HEIRS OF EUSEBIO BORROMEO, GR No. 172720, 2015-09-14](/juris/view/cefbd)
* [BLISS DEVELOPMENT CORP. v. MONTANO DIAZ, GR No. 213233, 2015-08-05](/juris/view/cee2a)
* [CARLOS A. LORIA v. LUDOLFO P. MUÑOZ, GR No. 187240, 2014-10-15](/juris/view/ce254)
* [DOMINGO GONZALO v. JOHN TARNATE, GR No. 160600, 2014-01-15](/juris/view/cdd2e)
* [ANTONIO LOCSIN II v. MEKENI FOOD CORPORATION, GR No. 192105, 2013-12-09](/juris/view/cdc60)
* [R.V. SANTOS COMPANY v. BELLE CORPORATION, GR Nos. 159561-62, 2012-10-03](/juris/view/cd7f6)

## PERSONS AND PERSONALITY (CIVIL CODE)

## Juridical capacity, which is the fitness to be the subject of legal relations, is inherent in every natural person and is lost only through death. Capacity to act, which is the power to do acts with legal effect, is acquired and may be lost.

* [INTERNATIONAL EXPRESS TRAVEL v. CA, GR No. 119020, 2000-10-19](/juris/view/c8c57)
* [ANTONIO GELUZ v. CA, GR No. L-16439, 1961-07-20](/juris/view/c3b3a)
* [LOLITA R. ALAMAYRI v. PABALE, GR No. 151243, 2008-04-30](/juris/view/cb022)
* [STANDARD OIL COMPANY OF NEW YORK v. JUAN CODINA ARENAS, GR No. 5921, 1911-07-26](/juris/view/cd85)
* [CONTINENTAL STEEL MANUFACTURING CORPORATION v. ACCREDITED VOLUNTARY ARBITRATOR ALLAN S. MONTAÑO, GR No. 182836, 2009-10-13](/juris/view/cc4e4)
* [ERNESTO C. DAWSON v. REGISTER OF DEEDS OF QUEZON CITY, GR No. 120600, 1998-09-22](/juris/view/c8dd3)
* [DIONISIO DUMLAO v. QUALITY PLASTIC PRODUCTS, GR No. L-27956, 1976-04-30](/juris/view/c5444)
* [AMERICAN INSURANCE COMPANY v. REPUBLIC, GR No. L-25476, 1967-11-15](/juris/view/c470a)
* [ANGELA M. BUTTE v. MANUEL UY, GR No. L-15499, 1962-02-28](/juris/view/c4cc0)

## Minority, insanity or imbecility, the state of being a deaf-mute, prodigality and civil interdiction are mere restrictions on capacity to act, and do not exempt the incapacitated person from certain obligations, as when the latter arise from his acts or from property relations, such as easements.

* [ASUNCION CRUZ v. CA, GR No. L-40880, 1979-10-23](/juris/view/c5011)

## The following circumstances, among others, modify or limit capacity to act: age, insanity, imbecility, the state of being a deaf-mute, penalty, prodigality, family relations, alienage, absence, insolvency and trusteeship. The consequences of these circumstances are governed in this Code, other codes, the Rules of Court, and in special laws. Capacity to act is not limited on account of religious belief or political opinion. A married woman, twenty-one years of age or over, is qualified for all acts of civil life, except in cases specified by law.

* [EDUARDO B. OLAGUER v. EMILIO PURUGGANAN, GR NO. 158907, 2007-02-12](/juris/view/ca035)
* [ENCARNACION LOPEZ VDA. DE BALUYUT v. JUDGE LEONOR INES LUCIANO, GR No. L-42215, 1976-07-13](/juris/view/c550e)
* [LOLITA R. ALAMAYRI v. PABALE, GR No. 151243, 2008-04-30](/juris/view/cb022)

## Birth determines personality; but the conceived child shall be considered born for all purposes that are favorable to it, provided it be born later with the conditions specified in the following article: For civil purposes, the foetus is considered born if it is alive at the time it is completely delivered from the mother’s womb. However, if the foetus had an intra-uterine life of less than seven months, it is not deemed born if it dies within twenty-four hours after its complete delivery from the maternal womb.

* [LEONORA TANTOY VDA. DE MACABENTA v. DAVAO STEVEDORE TERMINAL COMPANY, GR No. L-27489, 1970-04-30](/juris/view/c55e7)

## Civil personality is extinguished by death. The effect of death upon the rights and obligations of the deceased is determined by law, by contract and by will.

* [CONTINENTAL STEEL MANUFACTURING CORPORATION v. ACCREDITED VOLUNTARY ARBITRATOR ALLAN S. MONTAÑO, GR No. 182836, 2009-10-13](/juris/view/cc4e4)
* [EDWINO A. TORRES v. BALLIGI V. RODELLAS, GR No. 177836, 2009-09-04](/juris/view/cc1f7)
* [RAMON RALLOS v. FELIX GO CHAN, GR No.L-24332, 1978-01-31](/juris/view/c5be9)
* [NATIONAL HOUSING AUTHORITY v. SEGUNDA ALMEIDA, GR NO. 162784, 2007-06-22](/juris/view/cab9c)
* [ERNESTO C. DAWSON v. REGISTER OF DEEDS OF QUEZON CITY, GR No. 120600, 1998-09-22](/juris/view/c8dd3)
* [PEOPLE v. BONIFACIO TIROL, GR No. L-30538, 1981-01-31](/juris/view/c5eee)

## If there is a doubt, as between two or more persons who are called to succeed each other, as to which of them died first, whoever alleges the death of one prior to the other, shall prove the same; in the absence of proof, it is presumed that they died at the same time and there shall be no transmission of rights from one to the other. 

* [BERNARDO DE LOS SANTOS v. FAUSTINO B. REYES, GR No. L-45027, 1992-01-27](/juris/view/c74d9)

## MARRIAGE (FAMILY CODE)

## Marriage is a special contract of permanent union between a man and a woman entered into in accordance with law for the establishment of conjugal and family life. It is the foundation of the family and an inviolable social institution whose nature, consequences, and incidents are governed by law and not subject to stipulation, except that marriage settlements may fix the property relations during the marriage within the limits provided by this Code.

* [RENATO A. CASTILLO v. LEA P. DE LEON CASTILLO, GR No. 189607, 2016-04-18](/juris/view/cf1a6)
* [CYNTHIA S. BOLOS v. DANILO T. BOLOS, GR No.  186400, 2010-10-20](/juris/view/cd580)
* [ENGRACE NIÑAL FOR HERSELF v. NORMA BAYADOG, GR No. 133778, 2000-03-14](/juris/view/cd047)
* [JOSE S. SANTOS v. NATIONAL   LABOR RELATIONS COMMISSION, GR No. 115795, 1998-03-06](/juris/view/c8b44)
* [LEOUEL SANTOS v. CA, GR No. 112019, 1995-01-04](/juris/view/c7f6f)
* [RENE RONULO v. PEOPLE, GR No. 182438, 2014-07-02](/juris/view/cdf6c)
* [OFFICE OF THE COURT ADMINISTRATOR v. FORMER JUDGE ROSABELLA M. TORMIS, AC. No. 9920, 2016-08-30](/juris/view/cf39c)
 
## No marriage shall be valid, unless these essential requisites are present: (1) Legal capacity of the contracting parties who must be a male and a female; and (2) Consent freely given in the presence of the solemnizing officer.

* [ROMMEL JACINTO DANTES SILVERIO v. REPUBLIC, GR NO. 174689, 2007-10-19](/juris/view/cadf4)
* [REPUBLIC v. JENNIFER B. CAGANDAHAN, GR No. 166676, 2008-09-12](/juris/view/cb6c6)
* [VERONICO TENEBRO v. CA, GR No. 150758, 2004-02-18](/juris/view/cb7cd)

## The formal requisites of marriage are: (1) Authority of the solemnizing officer; (2) A valid marriage license except in the cases provided for in Chapter 2 of this Title; and (3) A marriage ceremony which takes place with the appearance of the contracting parties before the solemnizing officer and their personal declaration that they take each other as husband and wife in the presence of not less than two witnesses of legal age.

* [ELADIO D. PERFECTO v. JUDGE ALMA CONSUELO D. ESIDERA, AM No. RTJ-15-2417, 2015-07-22](/juris/view/ced48)
* [RESTITUTO M. ALCANTARA v. ROSITA A. ALCANTARA, GR NO. 167746, 2007-08-28](/juris/view/cacf1)
* [SYED AZHAR ABBAS v. GLORIA GOO ABBAS, GR No. 183896, 2013-01-27](/juris/view/cd8cf)
* [OCA v. JUDGE ANATALIO S. NECESSARIO, AM No. MTJ-07-1691, 2013-04-02](/juris/view/cd9ec)
* [RENE RONULO v. PEOPLE, GR No. 182438, 2014-07-02](/juris/view/cdf6c)
* [JAIME O. SEVILLA v. CARMELITA N. CARDENAS, GR NO. 167684, 2006-07-31](/juris/view/ca11a)
* [NORBERTO A. VITANGCOL v. PEOPLE, GR No. 207406, 2016-01-13](/juris/view/cf08f)

## The absence of any of the essential or formal requisites shall render the marriage void ab initio, except as stated in Article 35 (2). A defect in any of the essential requisites shall not affect the validity of the marriage but the party or parties responsible for the irregularity shall be civilly, criminally and administratively liable.

* [RESTITUTO M. ALCANTARA v. ROSITA A. ALCANTARA, GR NO. 167746, 2007-08-28](/juris/view/cacf1)
* [OFFICE OF THE COURT ADMINISTRATOR v. FORMER JUDGE ROSABELLA M. TORMIS, AC. No. 9920, 2016-08-30](/juris/view/cf39c)
* [IRENEO G. GERONIMO v. CA, GR No. 105540, 1993-07-05](/juris/view/c7ad9)
* [FILIPINA Y. SY v. CA, GR No. 127263, 2000-04-12](/juris/view/cd456)
* [REINEL ANTHONY B. DE CASTRO v. ANNABELLE ASSIDAO-DE CASTRO, GR No. 160172, 2008-02-13](/juris/view/caf26)
* [REPUBLIC v. CA, GR No. 103047, 1994-09-02](/juris/view/c7e59)
* [MERCEDITA MATA ARAÑES v. JUDGE SALVADOR M. OCCIANO, AM No. MTJ-02-1390, 2002-04-11](/juris/view/cc621)
* [SUSAN NICDAO CARIÑO v. SUSAN YEE CARIÑO, GR No. 132529, 2001-02-02](/juris/view/cc37b)
* [JO-ANN DIAZ-SALGADO & HUSBAND DR. GERARD C. SALGADO v. LUIS G. ANSON, GR No. 204494, 2016-07-27](/juris/view/cf310)

## The marriage shall be solemnized publicly in the chambers of the judge or in open court, in the church, chapel or temple, or in the office the consul-general, consul or vice-consul, as the case may be, and not elsewhere, except in cases of marriages contracted on the point of death or in remote places in accordance with Article 29 of this Code, or where both of the parties request the solemnizing officer in writing in which case the marriage may be solemnized at a house or place designated by them in a sworn statement to that effect.

* [ZENAIDA S. BESO v. JUDGE JUAN DAGUMAN, AM No. MTJ-99-1211, 2000-01-28](/juris/view/cc6d7)
* [RODOLFO G. NAVARRO v. JUDGE HERNANDO C. DOMAGTOY, AM No. MTJ-96-1088, 1996-07-19](/juris/view/c84bb)

## A marriage license shall be issued by the local civil registrar of the city or municipality where either contracting party habitually resides, except in marriages where no license is required.

* [REX M. TUPAL v. JUDGE REMEGIO V. ROJO, AM No. MTJ-14-1842, 2014-02-24](/juris/view/cdcdb)
* [NORBERTO A. VITANGCOL v. PEOPLE, GR No. 207406, 2016-01-13](/juris/view/cf08f)
* [FILIPINA Y. SY v. CA, GR No. 127263, 2000-04-12](/juris/view/cd456)
* [SYED AZHAR ABBAS v. GLORIA GOO ABBAS, GR No. 183896, 2013-01-27](/juris/view/cd8cf)

## When either or both of the contracting parties are citizens of a foreign country, it shall be necessary for them before a marriage license can be obtained, to submit a certificate of legal capacity to contract marriage, issued by their respective diplomatic or consular officials.

* [GRACE J. GARCIA v. REDERICK A. RECIO, GR No. 138322, 2001-10-02](/juris/view/cce2f)
* [OFFICE OF THE COURT ADMINISTRATOR v. FORMER JUDGE ROSABELLA M. TORMIS, AC. No. 9920, 2016-08-30](/juris/view/cf39c)
* [OCA v. JUDGE ANATALIO S. NECESSARIO, AM No. MTJ-07-1691, 2013-04-02](/juris/view/cd9ec)

## All marriages solemnized outside the Philippines, in accordance with the laws in force in the country where they were solemnized, and valid there as such, shall also be valid in this country, except those prohibited under Articles 35 (1), (4), (5) and (6), 36, 37 and 38. Where a marriage between a Filipino citizen and a foreigner is validly celebrated and a divorce is thereafter validly obtained abroad by the alien spouse capacitating him or her to remarry, the Filipino spouse shall have capacity to remarry under Philippine law.

* [REPUBLIC v. CIPRIANO ORBECIDO III, GR NO. 154380, 2005-10-05](/juris/view/ca370)
* [DOREEN GRACE PARILLA MEDINA v. MICHIYUKI KOIKE, GR No. 215723, 2016-07-27](/juris/view/cf30e)
* [ALICE REYES VAN DORN v. MANUEL V. ROMILLO, GR No. 68470, 1985-10-08](/juris/view/c6987)
* [GRACE J. GARCIA v. REDERICK A. RECIO, GR No. 138322, 2001-10-02](/juris/view/cce2f)
* [GERBERT R. CORPUZ v. DAISYLYN TIROL STO. TOMAS, GR No. 186571, 2010-08-11](/juris/view/cd40a)
* [EDGAR SAN LUIS v. FELICIDAD SAN LUIS, GR NO. 133743, 2007-02-06](/juris/view/c9fd0)
* [WOLFGANG O. ROEHR v. MARIA CARMEN D. RODRIGUEZ, GR No. 142820, 2003-06-20](/juris/view/cbcbf)

## No license shall be necessary for the marriage of a man and a woman who have lived together as husband and wife for at least five years and without any legal impediment to marry each other. The contracting parties shall state the foregoing facts in an affidavit before any person authorized by law to administer oaths. The solemnizing officer shall also state under oath that he ascertained the qualifications of the contracting parties are found no legal impediment to the marriage. 

* [OCA v. JUDGE ANATALIO S. NECESSARIO, AM No. MTJ-07-1691, 2013-04-02](/juris/view/cd9ec)
* [REX M. TUPAL v. JUDGE REMEGIO V. ROJO, AM No. MTJ-14-1842, 2014-02-24](/juris/view/cdcdb)
* [LEONILA G. SANTIAGO v. PEOPLE, GR No. 200233, 2015-07-15](/juris/view/cee06)
* [REPUBLIC v. JOSE A. DAYOT, GR No. 175581, 2008-03-28](/juris/view/cafec)
* [REINEL ANTHONY B. DE CASTRO v. ANNABELLE ASSIDAO-DE CASTRO, GR No. 160172, 2008-02-13](/juris/view/caf26)
* [ENGRACE NIÑAL FOR HERSELF v. NORMA BAYADOG, GR No. 133778, 2000-03-14](/juris/view/cd047)

## VOID MARRIAGES

* [FEDERICO C. SUNTAY v. ISABEL COJUANGCO-SUNTAY*, GR No. 132524, 1998-12-29](/juris/view/c8f1b)
* [SUSAN NICDAO CARIÑO v. SUSAN YEE CARIÑO, GR No. 132529, 2001-02-02](/juris/view/cc37b)

## Marriages solemnized without license except those exempt by law shall be void from the beginning.

* [JO-ANN DIAZ-SALGADO & HUSBAND DR. GERARD C. SALGADO v. LUIS G. ANSON, GR No. 204494, 2016-07-27](/juris/view/cf310)
* [SUSAN NICDAO CARIÑO v. SUSAN YEE CARIÑO, GR No. 132529, 2001-02-02](/juris/view/cc37b)
* [SALLY GO-BANGAYAN v. BENJAMIN BANGAYAN, GR No. 201061, 2013-07-03](/juris/view/cda98)
* [REPUBLIC v. JOSE A. DAYOT, GR No. 175581, 2008-03-28](/juris/view/cafec)
* [JAIME O. SEVILLA v. CARMELITA N. CARDENAS, GR NO. 167684, 2006-07-31](/juris/view/ca11a)

## Bigamous or polygamous marriages not failing under Article 41 shall be void from the beginning.

* [ESTRELLITA JULIAJVO-LLAVE v. REPUBLIC, GR No. 169766, 2011-03-30](/juris/view/c94c8)

## Subsequent marriages that are void under Article 53 shall be void from the beginning.

* [RENATO A. CASTILLO v. LEA P. DE LEON CASTILLO, GR No. 189607, 2016-04-18](/juris/view/cf1a6)

## A marriage contracted by any party who, at the time of the celebration, was psychologically incapacitated to comply with the essential marital obligations of marriage, shall likewise be void even if such incapacity becomes manifest only after its solemnization. (*Psychological Incapacity*)

* [RACHEL A. DEL ROSARIO v. JOSE O. DEL ROSARIO, GR No. 222541, 2017-02-15](/juris/view/cf59c)

## The action or defense for the declaration of absolute nullity of a marriage shall not prescribe.

* [LOLITA D. ENRICO v. HEIRS OF SPS. EULOGIO B. MEDINACELI AND TRINIDAD CATLI-MEDINACELI, GR No. 173614, 2007-09-28](/juris/view/cae41)

## The absolute nullity of a previous marriage may be invoked for purposes of remarriage on the basis solely of a final judgment declaring such previous marriage void.

* [CENON R. TEVES v. PEOPLE, GR No. 188775, 2011-08-24](/juris/view/c7912)
* [NORBERTO A. VITANGCOL v. PEOPLE, GR No. 207406, 2016-01-13](/juris/view/cf08f)
* [ROBERTO DOMINGO v. CA, GR No. 104818, 1993-09-17](/juris/view/c7b56)
* [NOEL A. LASANAS v. PEOPLE, GR No. 159031, 2014-06-23](/juris/view/cdf33)
* [ALAIN M. DIÑO v. MA. CARIDAD L. DIÑO, GR No. 178044, 2011-01-19](/juris/view/c8475)

## A marriage contracted by any person during subsistence of a previous marriage shall be null and void, unless before the celebration of the subsequent marriage, the prior spouse had been absent for four consecutive years and the spouse present has a well-founded belief that the absent spouse was already dead. In case of disappearance where there is danger of death under the circumstances set forth in the provisions of Article 391 of the Civil Code, an absence of only two years shall be sufficient. For the purpose of contracting the subsequent marriage under the preceding paragraph the spouse present must institute a summary proceeding as provided in this Code for the declaration of presumptive death of the absentee, without prejudice to the effect of reappearance of the absent spouse.

* [REPUBLIC v. MARIA FE ESPINOSA CANTOR, GR No. 184621, 2013-12-10](/juris/view/cdc9f)
* [REPUBLIC v. CA, GR NO. 159614, 2005-12-09](/juris/view/ca1d9)
* [REPUBLIC v. GREGORIO OLASCO, GR No. 94053, 1993-03-17](/juris/view/c7945)
* [SOCIAL SECURITY COMMISSION v. EDNA A. AZOTE, GR No. 209741, 2015-04-15](/juris/view/cea29)
* [CELERINA J. SANTOS v. RICARDO T. SANTOS, GR No. 187061, 2014-10-08](/juris/view/ce3fe)
* [EDUARDO P. MANUEL v. PEOPLE, GR NO. 165842, 2005-11-29](/juris/view/ca4dd)
* [REPUBLIC v. FERVENTINO U. TANGO, GR No. 161062, 2009-07-31](/juris/view/cc1cf)

## The subsequent marriage referred to in the preceding Article shall be automatically terminated by the recording of the affidavit of reappearance of the absent spouse, unless there is a judgment annulling the previous marriage or declaring it void ab initio. A sworn statement of the fact and circumstances of reappearance shall be recorded in the civil registry of the residence of the parties to the subsequent marriage at the instance of any interested person, with due notice to the spouses of the subsequent marriage and without prejudice to the fact of reappearance being judicially determined in case such fact is disputed.

* [CELERINA J. SANTOS v. RICARDO T. SANTOS, GR No. 187061, 2014-10-08](/juris/view/ce3fe)

VOIDABLE MARRIAGES

## 45

* [ALAIN M. DIÑO v. MA. CARIDAD L. DIÑO, GR No. 178044, 2011-01-19](/juris/view/c8475)

## 50

* [ANTONIO A. S. VALDES v. RTC, GR No. 122749, 1996-07-31](/juris/view/c84bc)

## 147/148

* [ALAIN M. DIÑO v. MA. CARIDAD L. DIÑO, GR No. 178044, 2011-01-19](/juris/view/c8475)