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	GR NO. 142509 2006-03-24	JOSE ALEMANIA BUATIS v. PEOPLE AUSTRIA-MARTINEZ, J.
For an imputation to be libelous, the following requisites must concur: (a) it must be defamatory; (b) it must be malicious; (c) it must be given publicity; and (d) the victim must be identifiable.[8]
	GR NO. 139987 2005-03-31	SALVADOR D. FLOR v. PEOPLE CHICO-NAZARIO, J.
Libel is defined as "a public and malicious imputation of a crime, or of a vice or defect, real or imaginary, or any act, omission, condition, status, or circumstance tending to cause the dishonor, discredit, or contempt of a natural person or juridical person, or to blacken the memory of one who is dead."[27] Any of these imputations is defamatory and under the general rule stated in Article 354 of the Revised Penal Code, every defamatory imputation is presumed to be malicious.[28] The presumption of malice, however, does not exist in the following instances: A private communication made by any person to another in the performance of any legal, moral, or social duty; and